نَفي الأفعال في اللغة العربية "الفصحى"
Negation of Arabic verbs "MSA"
أولَا: الماضي Past tense |
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أداة النفي “ما” |
The negation tool “ma” is placed before the past tense verb and it doesn’t affect its form. (affirmative) مِثال: حَضَرْتُ الدَّرْسَ أمس. Ex: I attended the class yesterday. To negate this sentence, we just add “ma ما” “past verb” ما + الفعل الماضي (negative) ما حَضَرتُ الدَّرْس أمس. I didn’t attend the class yesterday |
أداة النفي “لم” |
The negation tool “lam” negates a present verb tense, however it expresses an action that happened in the past. (affirmative) مِثال: سافرنا في العُطْلة الصَّيفية. We traveled on summer vacation. “present verb” لَم + الفعل المُضارع لَم نُسافرْ في العُطلة الصَّيفية. We didn’t travel on summer vacation. Note: that the two sentences below have the exact same meaning ما سافرنا في العطلة الصيفية= لم نسافر في العطلة الصيفية “ma” is used with the past tense while “lam” is used with the present tense. ملاحظة : الفعل المضارع بعد أداة “لم” مجزوم. Note: the present tense after “lam” is jussive “Majzum”. |
ثانيَا: المُضارع Present tense |
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أداة “لا النافية” |
The negation tool “laa” negates the present verb tense and it doesn’t affect its form. (affirmative) مِثال: أتكلّمُ اللغة الفرنسية. I speak French. (negative) لا أتكلَّمُ اللغة الفرنسية. I don’t speak French ملحوظة: الفعل المضارع بعد لا “النافية” مرفوع”nominative” ، لا يتغير. |
ثالثًا: المُستقبل Future tense |
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الأداة “لَنْ” |
The negation tool “lan” negates a present verb tense; but actually expresses a negation in the future. Note: in the affirmative sentence in the future we use the letter “س” or the word “سوف”connected to the present verb to express the future. (affirmative) مِثال: سَيذهبُ أخي معي إلى القاهرة غدًا. أوor سَوْفَ يَذهبُ أخي معي إلى القاهرة غدًا. Ex: My brother will go with me to Cairo tomorrow. To negate this sentence, we remove “س” or “سوف” And we add “lan” لَن يَذْهَبَ أخي معي إلى القاهرة غدًا. My brother will not go with me to Cairo tomorrow. ملحوظة: الفعل المُضارع بعد “لن” مَنصوب.”accusative” |
ثالثًا: المُستقبل Imperative |
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أداة “لا الناهية” |
“Laa al nahiya”+ present verb tense= a negative imperative verb مِثال: لا تكذِب! Ex: Don’t lie! ملحوظة: الفعل المُضارع بعد “لا” الناهية مجزوم.”jussive” |
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